Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. Notes FAQ Contact . With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Hispaniola is a marvel. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. Islamic states had dominated. Open Document. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. Create your account. He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. The Portuguese took the lead. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. 1531 Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. No products in the cart. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. . Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. 27 chapters | Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. . In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. They wanted to spread catholic culture in whole world. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Menu and widgets This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. As they died, new workers were needed. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion.