The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. Term. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. most important part of computer. Subject. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Spreadsheet Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Building a computer into the watch form factor has been attempted many times but the release of the Apple Watch leads to a new level of excitement. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. That's not as trivial. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. microprocessor/ processor. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. False The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. The TRS-80 line of computers later included color, portable, and handheld versions before being discontinued in the early 1990s. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. . Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? What software was the first available for microcomputers? The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. See Answer. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. D. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. Oddly, the company doesn't use the term in its marketing, preferring instead to refer to the microcomputer (which it calls a "Micom") that implements the fuzzy logic. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. workstations. data. 2.4 trillion. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. When was the word "computer" first used? service packs. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. True/False B. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. User interface The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. It has pre-programmed curricular material. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly.